Those nearest Palestine tended to exclude them. Those closer to Rome tended to include them. During the sixteenth-century Reformation, Martin Luther spoke strongly against the Apocrypha. In reaction the Roman Catholic Church convened a council in Trent now in Italy , where they declared the Apocrypha to be canonical.
To this day Catholics and Protestants disagree on this issue. Catholics uphold the Apocrypha. Protestants believe that the Apocrypha is useful but not inspired.
Wherever Christianity spread, Christians gathered for worship and instruction. In keeping with the customs of the Jewish synagogue, a portion of Old Testament Scripture would be read and explained. Meanwhile, the apostles, along with other evangelists and teachers, traveled from place to place to plant churches and encourage believers. When one of these recognized leaders was in town, he was invited to speak during the service. As need arose, the apostles wrote letters to various churches.
When a letter arrived, it was read with great excitement in the worship service. Often the letter would be copied and shared with neighboring churches, who, in turn, would share it with still other churches.
Naturally, the more inspiring letters were copied and shared more often. We still have the letter to the Colossians. The letter to the Laodiceans was not considered inspired or pertinent enough to be preserved. About ten years earlier a wealthy ship owner named Marcion sailed from his home near the Black Sea to the capital city of Rome. The former was distant and loved justice, while the latter was loving and emphasized grace.
Marcion rejected the Old Testament, along with any writings that might reinforce views other than his own. This list is known as the Marcion Canon. The church had to respond to this. Between A. His name was Montanus. Montanus was accompanied by two prophetesses, Prisca and Maximilla. If that was as far as their teaching went, they would have been an asset.
The age of Jesus was being superseded by the age of the Holy Spirit, and Montanus was its spokesman. Was Montanus truly bringing a new prophecy with new authority? Prophecy more authoritative than Jesus and the apostles? This question prompted the church to respond a second time. The Montanus controversy pushed the church to ask further questions of their Scriptures. Specifically, was God bringing further revelation? Could that revelation be true if it contradicted things taught by Jesus and the apostles?
Could new truth change or add to the basic teachings the church had been feeding on for the past century? The answer was no. From this the church concluded that the canon of Scripture was closed. Spurred by these dilemmas the church developed its list of canonical books. In other words, if the message of a book did not have the power to change a person, then God was apparently not behind its message.
Was it accepted by the people of God? When a book was received, collected, read, and used by the people of God, it was regarded as canonical. The Talmud, an ancient collection of rabbinical laws, law decisions, and comments on the law of Moses preserves the oral tradition of the Jewish people.
One compilation was made in Jerusalem between and AD. An expanded compilation of the Talmud was made in Babylonia about AD. Each compilation is known by the name of its place of compilation.
The Talmud helped to establish the Jewish canon by rejecting later writings, including the Christian Gospels, which they judged to be heretical works. Evidence clearly supports the theory that the Hebrew canon was established well before the late first century AD, though more likely as early as the fourth century BC.
No word from God means no new Word of God. We know that Jesus often referred to the Old Testament; there is no evidence that He found fault with the canonicity of any Old Testament book. Of interest: the Catholic Bible includes 14 books considered not canonical, which are collectively known as the Apocrypha. Apocrypha are works of unknown authorship or doubtful origin.
Jesus and the New Testament writers never quoted from the Apocrypha. But many Christians find them of interest, as they contain historical information. Because of Jesus, early Christians believed God was ushering in a new covenant. As they believed the apostles possessed the authority of Christ, the early believers received their writings as the very words of Christ himself. The apostles spoke with authority, but they always based their claims solely and directly upon their commission by the Lord.
Any church did not create the Canon, but churches and councils slowly accepted the list of books that believers worldwide considered to be inspired. The complete list of the 66 books that make up the Canon was first published by Athanasius, the church father, in AD.
He distinguished them from other widely circulated books and noted that the 66 books were the only ones universally accepted. It is important to remember that the creation of the Canon did not happen overnight.
Instead, it was the result of years of reflection. The first five books, sometimes called the Torah or Pentateuch, were accepted as canonical. The writings of the prophets were not compiled in one form until around BC.
Even later, the remaining Old Testament books were made canonical. Because the Jewish people were scattered at this time, they needed to identify which books were the Word of God. There were so many writings that claimed divine authority. They became one people through the fixation of the Canon, which kept them all together. There is no single date at which the New Testament canon was established. Some churches used books and letters to hold their services, which was fraudulent.
Gradually, it became obvious that there was a need for a definitive list of inspired Scriptures. There were many heretical movements, each choosing its Scriptures. Gradually, it became apparent which works were genuine and which ones mixed truth with fantasy. The Canon was settled and accepted by the end of the fourth century. There are still questions about the Canon. Many wonders why only these 66 booklets were selected. Why 65 and 67, not 65?
These questions are answered by us saying that these books are those that God has chosen to keep for us. He has also provided this treasure through his providence. Follow his old commands and words, and you will find peace.
Your heart will find peace when you immerse yourself in these pages. The Council of Rome established the Catholic Canon That same Council also commissioned Jerome with compiling and translating those canonical texts into Latin Vulgate Bible.
Jerome certainly assembled the first widely distributed edition of the Bible around A. The manuscript contained all 39 books in the Old Testament and 27 books in the New Testament. It was written in Latin. I Enoch was initially accepted by the Christian Church but later removed from the biblical Canon. Its survival is due to the fascination of marginal and fringe Christian groups such as the Manichaeans with its syncretic blending of Iranian, Greek, and Chaldean elements.
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