Ask your instructor which Style Guide to use. It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. Why Cite Sources? Search this Guide Search. Information Literacy: Strategies used to incorporate research skills for the College of Arts and Sciences and the Graduate School of Management. Virtual Tour of the Library Develop a Topic Generate Search Terms Evaluate Resources Incorporating Sources Peer-Review What are Databases?
Library Catalogs Wilson through an influential publication, in which case you should put the single word in quotation marks, at least in your first mention of it in your text. Facts that are generally accessible the date of the Declaration of Independence, for instance need not be cited to a particular source, but once you go up one level of detail on the information ladder, you probably need to cite the source the number of people who signed the Declaration, for instance.
And note that commonly known facts found in a particular or unusual context should be cited, so that the reader knows how your argument may have been influenced by the context in which you found it. For more, see Common Knowledge. For my purposes, though, these same experiments shed important light on the social capacities of primates.
Building on the work of others is appropriate and desirable, but methods, like specific words and phrases, are a form of intellectual property. Although writing code may seem different from writing papers, the same standards of acknowledgment apply. Some software algorithms are so well known that they rise to the level of Common Knowledge. Programmers use such pieces of code without acknowledgement. For a useful example of unauthorized code borrowing, see this page of the Princeton University website.
Overview Citation style guides Cite data. Manage your references Use these tools to help you organize and cite your references:. Citation Management and Writing Tools. Why citing is important It's important to cite sources you used in your research for several reasons: To show your reader you've done proper research by listing sources you used to get your information To be a responsible scholar by giving credit to other researchers and acknowledging their ideas To avoid plagiarism by quoting words and ideas used by other authors To allow your reader to track down the sources you used by citing them accurately in your paper by way of footnotes, a bibliography or reference list.
About citations Citing a source means that you show, within the body of your text, that you took words, ideas, figures, images, etc. Citations consist of standard elements, and contain all the information necessary to identify and track down publications, including: author name s titles of books, articles, and journals date of publication page numbers volume and issue numbers for articles Citations may look different, depending on what is being cited and which style was used to create them.
Notice the common elements as mentioned above: Author - R. What to cite You must cite: Facts, figures, ideas, or other information that is not common knowledge Ideas, words, theories, or exact language that another person used in other publications Publications that must be cited include: books, book chapters, articles, web pages, theses, etc.
Another person's exact words should be quoted and cited to show proper credit When in doubt, be safe and cite your source! Avoiding plagiarism Plagiarism occurs when you borrow another's words or ideas and do not acknowledge that you have done so.
This encourages readers to not place the blame for the misinformation on you unless you used a clearly untrustworthy source. If some of that information turns out to be wrong, it is on your head. However, good citations show your research and show your process.
While there is no such thing as a good mistake, one made in good faith is far better than one made negligently. However, without citation, all errors are errors of negligence. Too often when we discuss why citation is needed, we look only at the ethical issues. We look at citation as a pittance to be paid to those whose work yours is built upon and is nothing more than a requirement to stay out of trouble.
Reason 1: Giving Credit Citation is about giving credit where credit is due.
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