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October 19, Reflecting on Colin Powell's legacy. NPR Steve Inskeep. Abdl-Haleem, Osama A. Theses and Dissertations--Geography. Advanced Search. Privacy Copyright. Palestine is a parliamentary democracy, based on political pluralism, and is a multiparty system. Palestine does not have a formal constitution.
Instead, its legal framework is based on various historical legal systems Ottoman, Egyptian, Jordanian, and Israeli as well as the Basic Law amended in and that functions as a temporary constitution until the establishment of an independent state. The President holds executive powers, shared with the Council of Ministers in charge of enforcing decisions of the Legislative Council.
The president appoints the Prime Minister, who appoints the government ministers. The Palestinian Legislative Council holds the legislative power. Its members are elected by universal suffrage for a 4 year mandate. In recent years, the Palestinian authorities have been working on strengthening the separation of powers. Pursuant to the amended Basic Law, the government is to be accountable to the president and to the Legislative Council. There are 16 governorates and local government units.
State building efforts have been impaired by political realities, specifically the Israeli occupation, the deepening fiscal crisis and the division between the Fatah-dominated West Bank and the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip. Since , the West Bank has been under a state of emergency, and general elections have not taken place.
In , President Abbas' legal term as president expired, but he remains in office and is still the acting president of the Palestinian Authority. It was endorsed by Fatah and Hamas. However, Israel views Hamas as a terrorist organisation, and is unwilling to negotiate with the new government. The building of Israeli settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem is an illegal seizure of land which should be the subject of peace negotiations between the parties on the basis of the Lines.
The building of settlements is contrary to international law particularly Geneva Convention IV and several UN Security Council resolutions , threatens the viability of the two-state solution, and constitutes an obstacle to fair and lasting peace. Security Council Resolution , which was adopted almost unanimously by Member States on 23 December , called on Israel to immediately and completely cease all settlement activities and urged States to distinguish between the territory of the State of Israel and the Palestinian Territories occupied since France therefore regularly condemns the settlement policy which, in , led to the approval of more than 8, homes — a record since 6, in and 5, in Concrete measures have been taken at European level with regard to the acceleration of settlement construction, including for differentiated treatment of the territory of the State of Israel and settlements.
France condemns in the strongest terms all acts of violence and terrorism, and calls upon all parties to combat all forms of incitement to hatred. On several occasions, alongside its European partners, it called upon all parties to abstain from any action that could aggravate the situation through either incitation or provocation, and asked them to condemn any attack carried out and to rigorously respect the principles of necessity and proportionality in the use of force.
The two-State solution is the only solution capable of addressing the legitimate aspirations of both the Israelis and the Palestinians to security, independence, recognition and dignity. With this in mind, France and its European partners have drawn up the parameters that need to guide a resolution of the conflict:. With this in mind, France and its European partners have drawn up the parameters that should oversee resolution of the conflict:.
It is with this in mind that France welcomed the Arab Peace Initiative and its recent reaffirmation. The Israeli Government, which was sworn in on 17 May , was formed on the basis of a coalition agreement including the possibility, from 1 July , for Israel to annex part of the West Bank, meaning to exercise sovereignty over currently occupied Palestinian territories.
France considers that to be a positive decision, which should become a permanent measure. The annexation of Palestinian territories, whatever the scope, would be a violation of international law, and particularly the prohibition of acquisition of territories by force. It would aggravate tensions and seriously compromise the two-state solution, and would be contrary to the interests of both Israelis and Palestinians, as well as Europeans and the wider the international community.
In this context, France and its willing partners are actively calling on the Israeli authorities to refrain from any unilateral action leading to the annexation of Palestinian territories. Jerusalem has been entirely controlled by Israel since , when Israel captured the eastern part of the city during the Six-Day War.
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