Metals Non-Metals 1 All metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides All non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic or neutral oxides. Non-metals do not react with water. Non-metals do not react with dilute acids. Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides. Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent Hydrides. Test your understanding and answer these questions: What are differences in physical and chemical properties of metals and nonmetals?
Chemical properties of nonmetals. Share your Feedback. Metals react with water to produce metal oxide or metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Only a few metals like Na, K, Ca and Mg react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides. Metals are hard and are commonly used in making machinery, water boilers, agriculture equipment, automobiles, industrial equipment, utensils, aeroplanes, etc.
Non-metals, as the name suggest, is the natural element, which lacks metallic properties. These are usually present in the solid or gaseous state, except Bromine, the only non-metal that exist in liquid form. They are soft, non-lustrous except iodine and good insulators of heat and electricity. The arrangement of atoms in non-metal is in non-crystalline or amorphous structure. Non-metals have high ionisation energy and electronegativity because it gains or shares valence electrons to form anions.
They are usually soft, and so they are used in making fertiliser, purification of water, crackers and so on. All the objects around us are made up of metals or non-metals.
The elements that conduct the features of both metals and non-metals are termed as metalloids. It includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, etc.
Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Key Differences Between Metals and Non-metals The difference between metals and non-metals can be drawn clearly on the following premises: The natural elements that are hard, shiny, opaque and dense are metals. The chemical substances that are soft, non-shiny, transparent and brittle, are non-metals. Metals are electropositive in nature as they easily lose electrons, so they are reducing agents.
On the contrary, Non-metals are electronegative because they gain electrons and thus they are oxidising agents. Metals have a crystalline structure, whereas non-metals possess amorphic structure. At room temperature, metals are usually solid, except mercury and gallium which are in the liquid state.
Conversely, non-metals can be found in solid or gaseous form, except Bromine which is the only non-metal that is present in liquid form. Density is the ratio of mass to volume; metals have a higher density as compared to non-metals. Thus can easily donate electrons thereby forming cations. A metal easily reacts with acid and generates hydrogen gas with a popping sound. Non-metals are materials that are soft and possess poor electrical and thermal conductivity. This means that non-metals restrict the flow of electric current through them.
However, graphite stands here as an exception because it exhibits good electrical conductivity. Non-metals do not possess the property exhibited by the metals. They appear to be dull, but elements like iodine and diamonds are the exceptional non-metals that have a shiny appearance. It generally exists in all 3 forms of matter i. Non-metals in solid form are generally soft and thus completely gets converted into powdered mass after the application of force on it.
Thus are said to possess brittle nature. But diamond is again an exception over here because it is one of the hardest substances hence are not brittle. Non-metals holds 4, 5, 6 or 7 electrons in their outermost shell thus usually have a tendency to accept electrons. Thus it forms anions. These elements exhibit a low degree of melting and boiling point.
However, non-metals like silicon and carbon have high melting and boiling point. Non-metals generally do not react with acid but readily react with air and are said to be great oxidizing agents. So, from this discussion, we can conclude that mainly the properties of elements, distinguishes a metal from a non-metal.
Also, there is a class of elements in the periodic table that are neither metals nor non-metals. As these elements combinely hold the properties of metals and non-metals both hence are known as metalloids and are present at the centre in the periodic table. Your email address will not be published.
0コメント